With the winter season coming soon, drivers will be swapping their year-round tires for winter tires (also known as snow tires, though modern tires are designed for a range of wintry conditions). Some drivers like to change to winter rubber every year, while others have never felt it necessary.
Winter tires are especially important for used car drivers, who might be driving a vehicle without modern safety features like anti-lock brakes or electronic stability control. According to Edmunds' Inside Line, even new car drivers should consider making the winter tire switch. Brakes and stability systems will certainly help the car handle better, but its ultimately useless if a tire loses grip on the road – which can become very dangerous in icy conditions.
Even for those who don't live in areas that typically see a lot of snow or ice, purchasing a season-specific tire can be a smart idea. That's because the issue at the heart of tire performance is heat. A softer tire conforms to the road and achieves much better grip and traction. In colder temperatures, below 45 degrees, the compounds that many all-season tires are made out of will become harder. Think of it as the difference between driving on rigid, near-stone solid wheels and softer rubber ones. Winter tires are made with a rubber that retains its elasticity even at low temperatures.
"This leads directly to reduced grip on the road and a much-reduced overall performance – mileage, braking distances, cornering, handling, etc. – ranging from 20-25 percent," said Joerg Burfien director of research and development for Continental Tire.
Skeptics might point out that Burfien works for a tire company. That's why Edmunds independently tested a number of wheels last year in icy conditions on a used Honda Civic Si. All-season tires had an extended braking distance of 16 to 18 percent and a slowed acceleration of 24 percent. Tires made strictly for warm weather were almost dangerous – a 120 percent longer stopping time and 257 percent slower acceleration.
Once drivers have settled upon making the switch, they'll find a long list of options with plenty of features designed to keep them safe in winter weather. Drivers should keep in mind that studded tires are banned in many states and towns. Those planning to buy a new car should ensure that they don't purchase one that's not street-legal.